Curve design
- seotskpak
- Nov 22, 2016
- 2 min read
The alignment changes its direction in different places. The deflection angles are found out and necessary data for setting out horizontal circular curves are calculated and tabulated. If vertical curves along the alignment are unavoidable, then necessary data for setting them out are also calculated and tabulated. Computation of volume of earth work; after completion of the necessary drawing work, the volume of earth work for the entire project is computed by the trapezoidal formula or the prismoidal formula. Technical Data used in the field explained in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi. Then the total cost of the project is worked out by considering different items of work as per government schedule of rates.
Difficulties faced in leveling
When the staff la too near the Instrument; If the leveling staff is to be done across a very near the leveling instrument, the graduations of the staff are not visible. In such a case, a piece of white paper is moved up and down along the staff until the edge of the paper is bisected by the line of collimation. Some more details of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi are as under. Then the reading is noted from die staff with the naked eye. Sometimes the reading is taken by looking through the object glass.
Leveling across a large pond or lake; Suppose the leveling is to be done across a very wide pond or lake. We know that the water surface of a still lake or pond is considered to be level. Therefore, all points on a water surface have the same RL. Two pegs A and B are fixed on the opposite bank of lake or pond. The tops of the peg are just flush with the water surface. The level is set up at O1 and the RL of A is determined by taking an FS on A. The RL of B is assumed to be equal to that of A. Now the level is shifted and set up at O1. Then by taking a BS on peg B, leveling is continue. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani Students who wants to join civil surveyor course in islamabad.
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