Line of collimation

Line of collimation

It is an imaginary line passing through the intersection of the cross-hairs at the diaphragm and the optical center of the object glass and its continuation. It is also known as the line of sight. Axis of the telescope; this axis is an imaginary line passing through the optical center of the object glass and the optical center of the eye-piece. Technical Data used in the field explained in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi. Axis of bubble tube; it is an imaginary line tangential to the longitudinal curve of the bubble tube at its middle point.

Bench-mark (BM); these are fixed points or marks of known RL determined with reference to the datum line. These are very important marks. They serve as reference point for finding the RL of new points or for conducting leveling operations in projects involving roads, railways etc. Some more details of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi are as under. bench marks may be of four types; GTS, arbitrary, permanent ,temporary.

GTS bench mark; these bench marks are established by the survey of Pakistan Department at a large intervals all over the country. The values of reduced levels, the relevant positions and the number bench-marks are given in a catalogue published by this department. Permanent bench-marks; these are fixed points or marks established by different government departments like PWD, railways, irrigation, etc. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani Students who wants to join civil surveyor course in islamabad.

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