By considering the central meridian

A suitable point O is selected at the center of the drawing sheet. A line representing the magnetic meridian is drawn be, CD and DA ,are drawn according ton their bearings. Then a starting point A is suitably selected on the sheet. Technical Data used in the field explained in civil surveyor course in rawalpindi.A line AB is drawn parallel to ab, and the length AB is plotted to a suitable scale. Again from B,a line BC is drawn parallel to the line bc and the distance BC is plotted to a previews scale.

The process is continued until all the lines have been drawn.in this case also there may be a closing error is adjusted graphically. Note; after adjustment of the closing error, the objects are plotted according to the offsets noted in the field book. Some more details of civil surveyor course in rawalpindi are as under. When a closed traverse is plotted, the finishing and starting points may not coincide. The distance by which the traverse fails to close is

Said to be the closing error. such an error may occur due to mistakes made in the measurement of lengths and bearings of the lines, or because of an error in plotting. If the closing error exceeds a certain permissible limit, the field work should he repeated. But when the error is within the permissible limit, it is adjusted graphically by Bowditch’s rule as explained below. TSK Training for Skills and Knowledge is the best institute in Rawalpindi Islamabad for Pakistani Students who wants to join civil surveyor course in islamabad.

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